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Court
File No: 95-CU-82186
ONTARIO
COURT OF JUSTICE
(General
Division)
B E
T W E E N:
DAVID
CAPUTO, LUNA ROTH,
LORI CAWARDINE and RUSSEL HYDUK
- and
-
IMPERIAL
TOBACCO LIMITED,
ROTHMANS, BENSON & HEDGES INC.,
RJR-MACDONALD INC.
Proceeding
under the Class Proceedings Act, 1992
AMENDED STATEMENT OF CLAIM
TO THE
DEFENDANT(S)
A LEGAL
PROCEEDING HAS BEEN COMMENCED AGAINST YOU by the Plaintiff(s). The claim
made against you is set out in the following pages.
IF YOU
WISH TO DEFEND THIS PROCEEDING, you or an Ontario lawyer acting for
you must prepare a statement of defence in Form 18A prescribed by the
Rules of Civil Procedure, serve it on the plaintiff(s) lawyer(s) or,
where the plaintiff(s) do(es) not have a lawyer, serve it on the plaintiff(s),
and file it, with proof of service, in this court office, WITHIN TWENTY
DAYS after this statement of claim is served on you, if you are served
in Ontario.
If you
are served in another province or territory of Canada or in the United
States of America, the period for serving and filing your statement
of defence is forty days. If you are served outside Canada and the United
States of America, the period is sixty days.
IF YOU
FAIL TO DEFEND THIS PROCEEDING, JUDGMENT MAY BE GIVEN AGAINST YOU IN
YOUR ABSENCE AND WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO YOU.
If you
wish to defend this proceeding but are unable to pay legal fees, legal
aid may be available to you by contacting a local Legal Aid office.
Date_________________________
Issued by________________________
Address
of court office:
361 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario
M5G 1T3
TO: IMPERIAL
TOBACCO LIMITED
3810 St. Antoine Street,
Montreal, Quebec.
ROTHMANS, BENSON & HEDGES INC.
1500 Don Mills Road,
North York, Ontario.
RJR-MACDONALD
INC.
1 First Canadian Place,
60th Floor,
Toronto, Ontario.
1. The
plaintiffs each claim:
a. damages
in the sum of $1,000,000.00;
b. aggravated,
punitive and exemplary damages;
c. a
mandatory order for the creation and funding of nicotine addiction
rehabilitation centres for those addicted to nicotine;
d. pre-judgement
and post-judgement interest in accordance with the Courts of Justice
Act, 1990 as amended;
e. their
costs of this action; and
f. such
further and other relief as the nature of this case may require and
this honourable court deems just.
THE PARTIES
2. The
plaintiff, David Caputo, resides in the City of Brampton, in the Regional
Municipality of Peel. He was born on the 21st day of June 1968.
3. The
plaintiff, Luna Roth, resides in the Regional Municipality of York.
She was born on the 16th day of April, 1949.
4. The
plaintiff, Lori Carwardine, resides in the City of Mississauga, in the
Regional Municipality of Peel, and was born on May 28th, 1959.
5. The
plaintiff, Russel Hyduk, resides in the City of Mississauga, in the
Regional Municipality to Peel, and was born on September 4th, 1938.
6. The
defendants dominate the Canadian tobacco industry sharing the Canadian
factory made cigarette market in the approximate proportion of 60%,
25% and 15% respectively.
7. The
defendant, Imperial Tobacco Limited (ITL), is an incorporated company
with its registered office located in the City of Montreal. ITL is a
wholly owned subsidiary of IMASCO Limited of Montreal. IMASCO's major
shareholder, with 40.5% of the common shares, is B.A.T. Industries p.l.c.
(British American Tobacco), the world's second largest cigarette producer.
Since no other shareholder owns more than 10% of IMASCO's common shares,
B.A.T. exerts effective control over IMASCO and through it, ITL.
8. The
defendant, Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Inc. (RBH) is an incorporated
company with its registered office at North York, Ontario. RBH is 60%
controlled by Rothmans Inc. of Toronto and 40% by Philip Morris International
Finance Corporation (PM) of New York City. Rothmans Inc. is controlled
by Rothmans International p.l.c. of Britain which owns 71.25% of Rothmans
Inc.'s common shares. Rothmans International p.l.c. in turn is controlled
by majority shareholder, Compagnie Financiere Richemont AG of Switzerland.
Philip Morris is the largest tobacco company in the world.
9. The
defendant RJR-Macdonald Inc. (RJR-M) is an incorporated company with
its registered office at the City of Toronto. RJR-Macdonald (RJR-M)
is a wholly owned subsidiary of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR)
of the United States.
10. The
plaintiff, David Caputo, began smoking at age thirteen products manufactured
by the defendants. He was diagnosed with carcinoma of the tongue and
underwent surgery for the tongue cancer in 1988. He was warned by his
physician to quit smoking but was unable to do so and continued smoking
after the surgery. He is addicted to smoking.
11. The
plaintiff, Luna Roth, began smoking cigarette products manufactured
by the defendants at age 17. She has developed shortness of breath and
smoker's cough. While she has managed to reduce her intake to some extent,
she still continues to smoke 50 cigarettes per day. She has attempted
to quit smoking on numerous occasions, spending in excess of $3,000.00
for various forms of assistance, but has been unsuccessful in her attempts.
She is addicted to smoking.
12. The
plaintiff, Lori Carwardine began smoking cigarettes produced by the
defendants at age 11. She has been diagnosed with bilateral collapsed
lungs and underwent surgery on her left lung. She has also been diagnosed
with the early stages of emphysema. She has been told by her doctors
to quit smoking on numerous occasions and has been unsuccessful at each
attempt. She is addicted to smoking.
13. The
plaintiff, Russell Hyduk began smoking cigarettes produced by the defendants
at age 16. He has been diagnosed with emphysema and asthma and has suffered
a heart attack and a stroke. He has been told by his treating physicians
to stop smoking. He has attempted to stop smoking on numerous occasions
but has been unsuccessful at each attempt. He is addicted to smoking.
THE CLASS
14. The
plaintiffs state that they are representative of a class of persons
who have all sustained damages arising out of the conduct of the defendants,
their agents, servants or employees, for whom the defendants are in
law responsible.
15. The
plaintiffs state that the class is defined as:
Persons
who due to the conduct of the defendants, their agents, servants or
employees, have become addicted to the nicotine in the defendants'
products, namely cigarettes, or who have had such addiction heightened
or maintained through the consumption of said products, and who have
as a result of said addiction suffered loss, injury and damage, persons
with Family Law Act claims in respect to the claims of such
addicted persons, and estates of such addicted persons.
16. The
plaintiffs state that a class proceeding is the preferable method of
litigation as the number of potential claims would make joinder of all
such claims an impracticality. Further, a class action would improve
access to justice for all class members and ensure judicial efficiency.
THE FACTS
17. At
all material times the plaintiffs purchased and smoked cigarette products
designed, manufactured and distributed by the defendant tobacco companies.
18. The
plaintiffs became addicted to the defendants' products. Specifically,
the plaintiffs are addicted to the nicotine contained in cigarette products
manufactured by the defendant tobacco companies.
19. Nicotine
is a highly addictive substance which acts on various parts of the human
body. Consumption of products containing nicotine creates "reinforcing
behaviour" which causes the continued and further consumption of products
containing nicotine. Such behaviour creates an addiction to the product
and compels the addicted individual to consume products which deliver
nicotine.
20. Cigarettes
are recognized as a highly effective nicotine delivery device.
21. The
plaintiffs' nicotine addiction compels them to purchase and consume
the products of the defendants as cigarettes are the only readily available
nicotine delivery device.
22. At
all material times the defendant tobacco companies, their agents, servants
or employees, were aware or should have been aware of the addictive
nature of the nicotine in their products.
23. The
defendants and others carried out extensive scientific and medical research
regarding the harmful and addictive nature of nicotine. The research,
including the "PROJECT JANUS" carried out by the Battelle Memorial Laboratory
between 1965 and 1978, establishes, but is not limited to the following:
a. that
nicotine is a highly addictive substance;
b. that
the reason people continue to purchase cigarettes is because they
are addicted to nicotine; without nicotine, people would not purchase
cigarettes;
c. nicotine
and other substances contained in cigarettes cause cancer.
24. At
all relevant times, the defendants concealed from the general public
their own research establishing the addictive nature and effects of
nicotine and further, they misinformed the public regarding that research.
25. The
defendants have denied the validity of the scientific and medical research
carried out by governmental and private agencies which establishes the
addictive nature of nicotine and its connection to smoking behaviour.
26. Notwithstanding
their own research, and the research of others, at all material times
the defendants have maintained the position that nicotine is not addictive
and not the reason why people continue to purchase their products.
27. Through
their research, the defendants, their agents, servants or employees
have developed or adopted methods to manipulate the nicotine content
in their tobacco products.
28. The
defendants have been and are able to precisely control the amount of
nicotine which is contained in their products by increasing the amount
of nicotine in the tobacco they use to produce their products or altering
the design of their cigarettes. They are able to artificially raise
the nicotine level in their products to a level higher than that naturally
occurring in the tobacco plant and do so.
29. The
defendants hold numerous patents in respect of the alteration of nicotine
levels in their products or are licensees of such patents.
30. Through
their research, the defendants have been and are aware that the actual
levels of nicotine and tar consumed by the smoker are greater than those
measured by conventional measurement techniques and those reported to
consumers, which include the class representative plaintiffs and the
members of the class.
31. Through
their research, the defendants have been and are able to and do manipulate
the nicotine in their low tar cigarettes in order to raise the nicotine
dose received by a smoker so as to ensure addiction even to low tar
cigarettes.
32. The
defendants, their servants, agents and employees have persisted in denying
to the present that their cigarette products, as a result of nicotine
contained therein, are addictive. The defendants, their servants, agents
and employees have managed to conceal their long held knowledge that
their cigarettes were in fact addictive by concealing and suppressing
evidence and research to that effect. The representative plaintiffs
and members of the class discovered that cigarettes were in fact addictive,
and that the tobacco industry had long been aware of the addictive nature
of cigarettes, as a result of the evidence presented at hearings of
the United States House Subcommittee on Health and the Enviroment in
Washington, D.C. in 1994.
33. At
all material times the defendants , their servants, agents or employees
were aware of the serious and often fatal health consequences associated
with the consumption of their products. These include but are not limited
to various forms of cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
34. The
defendants have denied the serious and often fatal health consequences
of consumption of their products.
35. At
all relevant times, the defendants, their agents, servants or employees
have engaged in advertising, media and public relations campaigns designed
to increase the sales of their products through explicit and implicit
denial of any and all health related consequences.
36. The
defendants conducted extensive market research whose results indicated
that 90% of smokers begin smoking before age 18 and that if a person
did not start smoking before age 20, he was unlikely to ever start.
Their advertising campaigns have therefore targeted vulnerable groups
such as children and young adults and have employed various methods
to attract new consumers. Such methods include but are not limited to
using cartoon characters, promotional giveaways, and sponsorship of
various public events.
37. The
defendants have intentionally attempted to create, heighten and maintain
addiction to nicotine so as to promote and ensure continued purchase
of their products and thereby replace with new, young and healthy recruits
those who died or became diseased as the result of the use of their
cigarettes.
THE COMMON
ISSUES
38. The
plaintiffs state that the members of the class which they represent
have common issues including the following:
a. Whether
nicotine is addictive;
b. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees knew or ought
to have known of the addictive nature of nicotine;
c. Whether
the defendants intentionally manipulated the levels of nicotine in
their products;
d. Whether
the defendants' manipulation of the levels of nicotine in their products
was intended to create, heighten and or maintain the addiction to
their product;
e. Whether
the nicotine and tar levels which are actually received by a smoker's
lungs are higher than what are reported by the defendants, their agents,
servants or employees through the use of inaccurate conventional measurement
techniques;
f. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees knew or should
have known of the inaccurate measurements of nicotine and tar and
the erroneous reporting of such inaccurate measurements;
g. Whether
the consumption of the defendants' products causes or materially contributes
to serious medical conditions such as cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular
disease;
h. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees knew or ought
to have known that consumption of their product causes or materially
contributes to serious medical conditions;
i. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees conducted research
or caused research to be conducted which establishes the addictive
nature of nicotine and that their products cause or materially contribute
to serious medical conditions;
j. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees have concealed
the results of their research;
k. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees engaged in a course
of conduct which denied and concealed their research and knowledge
of the addictive nature of nicotine, their intentional manipulation
of nicotine, the accurate measurements of nicotine and tar received
by a smoker's lungs and the serious medical consequences associated
with consumption of their product;
l. Whether
the defendants , their agents, servants or employees have failed to
warn the public, which includes the representative plaintiffs and
the members of the class, of the addictive nature of nicotine, their
intentional manipulation of nicotine, the accurate measurements of
nicotine and tar received by a smoker's lungs and the serious medical
consequences associated with consumption of their product;
m. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees engaged in advertising,
media and public relations campaigns designed to negate or diminish
the scientific and medical research carried out by governmental and
private agencies which report the dangers associated with consumption
of the defendants' product;
n. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees engaged in advertising,
media and public relations campaigns designed to negate or diminish
health warnings, including those imposed by government on their product
packaging;
o. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees engaged in advertising,
media and public relation campaigns aimed at inducing children and
young men and women to start smoking;
p. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees, are liable for
the manufacture, sale and distribution of a defective product;
q. Whether
the conduct of the defendants, their agents, servants or employees,
constitutes negligence;
r. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees, are liable for
breaching a duty to inform the consumers of their products of the
addictive nature of nicotine and the serious medical consequences
associated with consumption of their product;
s. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees, are liable for
negligent misrepresentation;
t. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees, are liable for
breaches of consumer protection legislation;
u. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees, are liable for
breaches of the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness;
v. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees, are liable for
the tort of conspiracy;
w. Whether
the defendants, their agents, servants or employees, are liable for
the tort of deceit;
x. Whether
the class representative plaintiffs and the members of the class have
suffered loss, injury and damages as a result of the course of conduct
pursued by the defendants;
y. Whether
the class representative plaintiffs and the members of the class are
entitled to compensatory, aggravated, punitive or exemplary damages
as a result of the defendants' conduct;
z. Whether
the class representative plaintiffs and the members of the class are
entitled to equitable relief;
NEGLIGENCE
ALLEGATIONS
39. The
class representative plaintiffs allege that their injury, loss and damage
were caused or contributed to by the negligence of the defendants, their
agents, servants or employees, particulars of which include the following:
a. They
knew at all material times or should have known of the inherently
defective, dangerous and addictive nature of their product and that
the manufacture and distribution of their product would cause injury,
loss and damage to the consumer of their product and in particular
would cause injury to the representative plaintiffs and the class
members;
b. They
knew at all material times or should have known of the serious medical
consequences associated with cigarettes and that the manufacture and
distribution of their product would cause injury, loss and damage
to the consumer of their product and in particular would cause injury
to the representative plaintiffs and the class members;
c. They
knew at all material times or should have known of the manipulation
of nicotine levels in cigarettes and that the manufacture and distribution
of their product would cause injury, loss and damage to the consumer
of their product and in particular would cause injury to the representative
plaintiffs and the class members;
d. They
failed to design, manufacture and market products which were not addictive;
e. They
failed to design, manufacture and market products which did not contain
manipulated levels of nicotine;
f. They
failed to design, manufacture and market cigarettes without nicotine;
g. They
failed to design, manufacture and market cigarettes with fewer medical
consequences;
h. They
designed, manufactured and marketed products which created or perpetuated
a potentially hazardous activity;
i. They
failed to warn of the addictive nature of nicotine;
j. They
failed to warn and inform of the accurate measurements of nicotine
and tar actually consumed by a smoker when the defendants knew or
ought to have known that the accurate measurements were in excess
of those they disclosed;
k. They
failed to warn of the serious health dangers associated with cigarettes;
l. They
failed to ensure that their cigarettes would not be available to young
persons under 21 years of age;
m. They
failed to ensure that their advertising would not induce young persons
to commence or persist in smoking;
n. They
failed to ensure that their advertising accurately reflected the effects
of smoking on health;
o. They
failed to ensure that their advertising did not negate or induce the
disregard of health warnings;
40. The
negligence of the defendants, their servants, employees or agents, has
caused the loss, injury and damage suffered by the class representative
plaintiffs or has materially increased the risk of the loss, injury
and damage occurring.
STRICT
PRODUCTS LIABILITY
41. The
defendants are strictly liable for the manufacture, design, sale and
distribution of their defective products.
PRODUCTS
LIABILITY ALLEGATIONS
42. In
the alternative, the class representative plaintiffs allege that their
injury, loss and damage were caused or contributed to by the manufacture,
design, sale and distribution of the defendants' products. As a direct
and proximate cause of the defendants' design, manufacture and marketing
of a defective product, the class representatives plaintiffs and members
of the class have suffered and will suffer injury, loss, and damage,
particulars of which include the following:
a. At
all material times, the defendants manufactured, sold and distributed
their cigarettes for ultimate retail to the consumer. The cigarettes
were expected to and did reach the class representatives and the members
of the class without substantial change in their condition as manufactured;
b. The
class representative plaintiffs and the members of the class consumed
the cigarettes in the manner in which they were intended to be used;
c. The
defendants' products are intended for ultimate consumption by the
consumer.
d. The
defendants' products are dangerously defective products particulars
of which include:
i.
Cigarettes which contain nicotine, a highly dangerous and addictive
substance;
ii.
Cigarettes whose nicotine content had been manipulated so as to
create, heighten or maintain addiction;
iii.
Cigarettes which created or aggravated serious life threatening
medical and psychiatric illnesses;
e. The
defendants and or agents, servants and employees of the defendants
knew or ought to have known, that they manufactured, sold and distributed
products, that were dangerous or defective products by reason of the
following:
i.
The defendants' own research and that of others regarding the highly
addictive nature of nicotine;
ii.
The defendants' own and others' research and tests of the nicotine
manipulation techniques and their implementation in nicotine level
manipulated cigarettes;
iii.
The defendants' own and others' research which established the serious
diseases associated with cigarettes;
iv.
The defendants' own research and that of others which establishes
that the amount of tar and nicotine actually received by the lungs
of a smoker are higher than the amounts measured by conventional
methods and reported to the public;
v.
The research and development carried out by the Council for Tobacco
Research - USA, of which sister companies of the defendants are
members, establishing the addictive nature of nicotine, the heightening
of the addictive capabilities of cigarettes by manipulating the
nicotine content in cigarettes, the actual amounts of tar and nicotine
received by the smoker and the serious health consequences of smoking
cigarettes;
vi.
The reports, studies and other document of Government authorities
and the private sector related to the dangers of smoking and the
addictive nature of nicotine.
f. The
representative plaintiffs further allege that their injuries, loss
and damage were caused by reason of the negligence and breach of duty
of the Defendants, their agents, servants or employees. Particulars
of which include the following:
i.
They designed, manufactured and marketed cigarettes which were dangerous,
not of merchantable quality and not fit for the purpose for which
they were intended;
ii.
They designed, manufactured and marketed cigarettes which they knew
or ought to have known were inherently dangerous and capable of
creating or perpetuating addiction and causing serious medical illnesses;
iii.
They failed to warn or adequately warn the ultimate consumer of
their product which included the class representative plaintiffs
and members of the class of the dangers which they knew or ought
to have known were inherent in the design and manufacture of cigarettes,
these dangers include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1)
the addictive substance of nicotine;
(2)
the increased addictive potential of manipulated levels of nicotine;
(3)
the actual amounts of tar and nicotine received by a smoker's
lungs;
(4)
the serious medical dangers which they knew or ought to have known
were inherent in the design and manufacture of cigarettes;
iv.
The defendants engaged in advertising, media and public relations
campaign designed to negate health warnings, including government
decreed warnings and to confuse the class representative plaintiffs
and members of the class about the warnings related to the serious
health dangers associated with smoking and the addictive nature
of nicotine;
v.
They engaged in advertising, media and public relations campaign
calculated to induce the belief that cigarettes did not pose a serious
health hazard and that nicotine was not an addictive substance;
vi.
They failed to design, manufacture and market a cigarette which
did not contain any levels of nicotine;
g. They
breached the implied warranties that their products were not defective
and fit for the purpose.
h. They
failed to design, manufacture and market a cigarette with fewer medical
consequences.
43. The
negligence of the defendants, their servants, employees or agents in
the design, manufacture and marketing of a defective product has caused
the loss, injury and damage suffered by the class representative plaintiffs
or has materially increased the risk of the loss, injury and damage
occurring.
INFORMED
CONSENT
44. The
class representative plaintiffs and the members of the class allege
that they have suffered and will suffer loss, injury and damage as a
result of the breach by the defendants, their agents, servants or employees
of the duty to inform of all material risks associated with consumption
of the defendants' products. The class representative plaintiffs and
the members of the class as a direct result of the defendants' breach
of the duty to inform of the serious risks associated with smoking have
suffered and will suffer loss, injury and damage, particulars of which
are as follows:
a. The
knew or ought to have known of the material risks associated with
their products, such as the material risks of:
i.
Addiction due to the nicotine content in their products;
ii.
Creating or heightening addiction through the manipulation of nicotine
levels in their products;
iii.
Serious health consequences associated with their products;
b. The
defendants failed to warn or adequately warn the class representative
plaintiffs and the members of the class of the material risks associated
with their products;
45. The
breach of the defendants, their servants, employees or agents, has caused
the loss, injury and damage suffered by the class representative plaintiffs
or has materially increased the risk of the loss, injury and damage
occurring.
DECEIT
ALLEGATIONS
46. The
class representative plaintiffs allege that their injury, loss and damage
were caused or contributed to by the deceit of the defendants particulars
of which are as follows:
a. The
defendants or their servants, agents or employees, have at all times
made the misrepresentation that nicotine is not addictive and that
cigarette smoking does not cause serious and life threatening illnesses.
The defendants have perpetuated these misrepresentations in order
to addict new smokers and keep all current smokers purchasing their
products;
b. The
defendants have possessed scientific and medical data which establishes
that cigarettes are dangerous and that nicotine is addictive, however,
they suppressed such knowledge and misrepresented their knowledge
to the detriment of the public and the class representatives;
c. The
defendants have manipulated the nicotine levels in cigarettes with
the intention of addicting new smokers and continuing the addiction
in all current smokers while misrepresenting to the public and the
class representatives their manipulation of nicotine levels;
d. The
defendants have intentionally kept the ingested levels of nicotine
high in cigarettes with lower tar through changes in the design of
their cigarettes but have intentionally not informed the public and
the class representatives of the actual ingested or ingestible nicotine
levels so as to maintain their addiction;
e. The
defendants have intentionally misrepresented the actual levels of
nicotine and tar consumed by a smoker by publicizing levels of tar
and nicotine measured by mechanisms which fail to measure the actual
quantities of nicotine and tar ingested;
47. The
defendants were under a duty to disclose the addictive nature of nicotine,
the serious health hazards of smoking, their manipulation of nicotine
levels, their scientific and medical data confirming the dangers of
smoking, their intentional miscalculation of tar and nicotine levels
and the defendants' intention to addict members of the public and maintain
the addiction of the class representatives and the class in order to
maintain the consumption of their product. Their failure to do so constitutes
a material omission.
48. The
class representatives and the members of the class did not know that
the defendants' representations or material omissions were misleading
and the class representatives and members of the class relied on the
defendants' representations.
49. The
class representatives and members of the class relied on the defendants
misrepresentations and omissions and have as a consequence become addicted
to cigarettes and have suffered serious medical consequences.
50. The
defendants are liable for compensatory, exemplary, aggravated and punitive
damages for their reckless, wanton, and wilful disregard for the safety
of the class representative plaintiffs and members of the class in their
manipulation of nicotine, in their concealment and denial of the dangers
of smoking and in their denial of the addictive nature of nicotine,
all for the purpose of maximizing sales and profits of their product.
NEGLIGENT
MISREPRESENTATION
51. The
class representative plaintiffs allege that their loss, injury and damage
were caused or contributed to by the negligent misrepresentations of
the defendants; particulars of which include the following:
a. They
misrepresented their actual knowledge in public statements, advertising,
media and public relations campaigns as follows:
i.
They misrepresented their knowledge regarding the addictive nature
of nicotine in their products;
ii.
They misrepresented their manipulation of nicotine levels in their
products;
iii.
They misrepresented their knowledge regarding the serious health
consequences associated with cigarettes;
iv.
They misrepresented their knowledge regarding the actual amounts
of tar and nicotine received by a smoker's lungs;
b. The
class representative plaintiffs and the members of the class reasonably
relied on the misrepresentations made by the defendants;
c. The
reliance on the defendants' misrepresentations was reasonably foreseeable
by the defendants;
52. By
reason of their reliance on the negligent misrepresentations of the
defendants, the class representative plaintiffs and the members of the
class have suffered loss, injury and damages.
CONSUMER
PROTECTION LEGISLATION/IMPLIED WARRANTIES
53. The
class representative plaintiffs allege that their loss, injury and damage
were caused or contributed by the defendants' unfair business practices,
particulars of which include the following:
a. They
designed, manufactured and marketed products which they impliedly
warranted were merchantable, fit for the purpose at the time of sale,
and posed no serious health consequences;
b. They
further impliedly warranted that nicotine was not an addictive substance;
c. The
class representative plaintiffs and members of the class relied on
the defendants' implied warranties when purchasing the defendants'
products;
d. The
defendants' breached their implied warranty particulars of which include
the following:
i.
They designed, manufactured and marketed products which were inherently
defective, posed serious medical risks and contained the highly
addictive substance of nicotine;
ii.
They failed to disclose and warn that their products would addict
the user;
iii.
They failed to disclose and warn that their products contained manipulated
levels of nicotine;
iv.
They failed to disclose and warn that their products posed a serious
health risk;
v.
They failed to disclose the actual levels of nicotine and tar consumed
by the smoker;
vi.
They engaged in advertising, media and public relations campaigns
which were designed to negate any and all public health and specific
warnings associated with their product and perpetuate the belief
that cigarette smoking did not pose serious health consequences
and that nicotine was not addictive;
54. As
direct and proximate results of the defendants' breaches of their implied
warranties, the class representative plaintiffs and the members of the
class have suffered and will suffer loss, injury and damage.
CONSPIRACY
ALLEGATIONS
55. The
class representative plaintiffs allege that their injury, loss, and
damage were caused or contributed by the conspiracy of the defendants
particulars of which are as follows:
a. The
servants, agents or employees of each of the defendants conspired
to deprive the public of scientific and medical data regarding the
serious medical dangers of smoking and the addictive nature of nicotine
in order to attract new smokers and keep all smokers addicted to cigarettes
and therefore, consuming their products;
b. The
servants, agents or employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to deny the incidence of serious illnesses associated with smoking
and the addictive nature of nicotine;
c. The
servants, agents and employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to promote an advertising campaign aimed at creating new smokers especially
young children, teenagers, women and minorities;
d. The
servants, agents and employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to implement advertising campaigns aimed at negating or diminishing
the health warnings placed on cigarette packages and general public
health concerns of the serious medical consequences of smoking and
the addictive nature of nicotine;
e. The
servants, agents and employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to develop a public relations strategy to combat the medical and scientific
data which report the dangers and addictive nature of smoking;
f. The
servants, agents and employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to create scientific and medical data refuting government and private
scientific and medical data which establish the addictive nature of
nicotine and the serious illnesses which are caused or are materially
contributed to by smoking.
g. The
servants, agents or employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to suppress research of the Council for Tobacco Research - USA, as
well as the results of the "PROJECT JANUS" among others which confirmed
the addictive nature of nicotine and the health problems associated
with smoking;
h. The
servants, agents or employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to use those portions of tobacco leaves which contain the greatest
amount of nicotine so as to reinforce the smoker's addiction;
i. The
servants, agents or employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to design cigarettes which maximize the nicotine and tar content received
by the smoker while reducing the measurement of nicotine through conventional
measuring mechanisms;
j. The
servants, agents or employees of each of the defendants have conspired
to retain on the market a cigarette with nicotine when cigarettes
without nicotine can be produced;
56. As
a result of the actions of the defendants, the class representatives
have become addicted to smoking and have suffered damages.
57. The
conspiracy constitutes a wanton and outrageous disregard for the health
and well being of the plaintiffs and members of the class through the
concerted effort to profit irrespective of the damage caused.
58. As
a result thereof, the class representatives and members of the class
have sustained serious and permanent injury and are entitled to an award
of aggravated, punitive and exemplary damages.
59. The
plaintiffs plead and rely upon the provisions of the Sale of Goods Act,
R.S.O. 1990 as amended.
DAMAGES
SUSTAINED
60. As
a result of the conduct of the defendants, their agents, servants and
employees specified above, the plaintiff, David Caputo has been and
is addicted to the defendants' products and has sustained loss, damage
and injury; he has suffered and will suffer permanent and serious injuries
and more particularly he developed cancer of the tongue. He has sustained
a severe physical and emotional shock to his system and his life expectancy
has been materially affected. He has been and will be confined to hospital,
his home or to other institutional facilities, he has been and will
be unable to work, or attend to his personal and family needs, his earning
capacity has been and will be lessened and his enjoyment of life has
been and will be impaired. He has been and will be put to expense for
hospital and medical attention and otherwise, as well as expenses of
smoking and smoking cessation treatments.
61. As
a result of the conduct of the defendants, their agents, servants and
employees specified above, the plaintiff, Luna Roth has been and is
addicted to the defendants' products and has sustained loss, damage
and injury thereby. She has developed shortness of breath and smoker's
cough. She has sustained a severe physical and emotional shock to her
system and her life expectancy has been materially affected. Her enjoyment
of life has been and will be impaired. She has been and will be put
to expense for medical attention and otherwise, as well as expenses
of smoking and smoking cessation treatments.
62. As
a result of the conduct of the defendants, their agents, servants and
employees specified above, the plaintiff, Lori Carwardine has been and
is addicted to the defendants' products and has sustained loss, damage
and injury thereby. She has suffered and will suffer permanent and serious
disability, more particularly bilateral collapsed lungs and emphysema.
She has sustained a severe physical and emotional shock to her system
and her life expectancy has been materially affected. She has been and
will be confined to hospital, her home or to other institutional facilities,
she has been and will be unable to work or attend to her personal and
family needs, her earning capacity has been and will be lessened and
her enjoyment of life has been and will be impaired. She has been and
will be put to expense for medical attention and otherwise, as well
as expenses of smoking and smoking cessation treatments.
63. As
a result of the conduct of the defendants, their agents, servants and
employees specified above, the plaintiff, Russell Hyduk, has been and
is addicted to the defendants' products and has sustained loss, damage
and injury; he has suffered and will suffer permanent and serious injuries
to his lungs, more particularly emphysema and asthma, heart attack and
stroke. He has sustained a severe physical and emotional shock to his
system, his life expectancy has been materially affected. He has been
and will be confined to hospital, his home or to other institutional
facilities, he has been and will be unable to work or attend to his
personal and family needs, his earning capacity has been and will be
lessened and his enjoyment of life has been and will be severely impaired.
He has been and will be put to expense for hospital and medical attention
and otherwise, as well as expenses of smoking and smoking cessation
treatments.
64. As
a result of the conduct of the defendants, their agents, servants or
employees, the families of the class representative plaintiffs and those
of members of the class have and will sustain loss and damages pursuant
to the Family Law Act, R.S.O. 1990 as amended. The families have
lost the financial support as well as the care, guidance and companionship
they would have otherwise expected to receive from the class representative
plaintiffs and members of the class. They have been put to the time
and expense related to the care associated with and arising from the
injuries sustained by the class representative plaintiffs and members
of the class.
65. The
plaintiffs propose that this action proceed under the Class Proceedings
Act, 1992.
66. The
plaintiffs propose that this action be tried at Toronto.
Date: January
13, 1995 SOMMERS & ROTH
Barristers & Solicitors
268 Avenue Road
Toronto, Ontario
M4V 2G7
RICHARD
J. SOMMERS, Q.C.
(416) 961-1212
Solicitors
for the Plaintiff
Court File
No. 95-CU-82186
CAPUTO et al- and - IMPERIAL TOBACCO et al
Plaintiffs Defendants
|
|
| ONTARIO COURT OF JUSTICE
| (GENERAL DIVISION)
|
| Proceeding commenced at
| TORONTO
|
|Proceeding under the
|Class Proceedings Act, 1992
|
|
|
|
____________________________________
|
|AMENDED
| STATEMENT OF CLAIM
|_______________________________
|
|
| SOMMERS & ROTH
| Barristers and Solicitors
| 268 Avenue Road
| Toronto, Ontario
| M4V 2G7
|
| (416) 961-1212
| Richard J. Sommers, Q.C.
| Solicitors for the
| Plaintiffs
|