What Is a Biophysical Profile (BPP)?

Prenatal care is a comprehensive and specialized healthcare approach meticulously designed to ensure the health and safety of both the expectant mother and her unborn child. The Biophysical Profile (BPP) is a crucial assessment tool within this process.

Yet, concerns arise when instances of medical negligence emerge, potentially causing detrimental effects on the well-being of the fetus and the overall birthing process.

This article explores the Biophysical Profile, its significance in maternal-fetal healthcare, and potential malpractice-related issues that may arise during the process.

Understanding the Biophysical Profile (BPP)

A Biophysical Profile (BPP) is a diagnostic test used in obstetrics to identify potential issues that may impact the baby’s health. By assessing vital signs and movements, healthcare providers can detect indications of distress or developmental abnormalities early on.

This early detection allows for timely medical intervention, potentially preventing complications during pregnancy and childbirth.

The primary purpose of a BPP is to comprehensively evaluate five key areas, collectively providing an overview of the baby’s health:

• Heart rate: The doctor monitors the baby’s heart rate to ensure it falls within the expected range, indicating a healthy cardiovascular system.
• Muscle tone: Assessing muscle tone helps identify signs of stiffness or laxity, offering insights into the baby’s neuromuscular development.
• Movement: The assessment of the baby’s body movements, including muscle tone, reflects its overall condition.
• Breathing: The BPP assesses the baby’s respiratory movements, ensuring proper lung development and functions.
• Amniotic fluid levels: Measurement of amniotic fluid levels is essential, as deviations from the norm can signal potential complications, such as issues with kidney function.

When is a BPP performed?

A Biophysical Profile is typically performed during the later stages of pregnancy, usually in the third trimester. It’s often scheduled between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation. This timing allows for a comprehensive assessment of the fetus’s well-being before delivery.

Sometimes, a BPP might be performed earlier than usual due to specific concerns about the baby’s health or the pregnancy. These concerns could include issues such as decreased fetal movements, high-risk pregnancies, or medical conditions that require close monitoring.

The goal is to ensure the optimal health of the fetus before delivery, enabling medical professionals to make informed decisions about managing the pregnancy and potential delivery considerations.

What to Expect During a BPP

Specific preparations are advised before undergoing a BPP to ensure accurate results. For example, expectant mothers may be advised to drink water or other liquids before the test.

The Biophysical Profile involves two primary components: a non-stress test and a fetal ultrasound. Here’s an outline of the procedure for both components:

Non-Stress Test

The mother is comfortably positioned, usually reclining in a chair or examination table. Electrodes or specialized devices are placed on the mother’s abdomen to monitor the baby’s heart rate. This monitoring device records the baby’s heart rate and any changes in response to its movements.

Fetal Ultrasound

Depending on the specific instructions from the healthcare provider, the mother may need to have a full bladder during the ultrasound examination.

A doctor performs an ultrasound using a transducer (a handheld device that emits sound waves) over the mother’s abdomen. It emits sound waves that bounce off structures in the womb to create images of the fetus on a screen.

Understanding the Scoring System

The scoring system for a BPP is straightforward. Each ultrasound component (fetal heart rate monitoring, amniotic fluid volume measurement, fetal breathing movements, and fetal body movements) can receive either zero or two points, with no intermediate scores.

The highest achievable total is eight points, indicating a healthy fetal status. Results are interpreted based on the cumulative score:

• Eight points: Considered reassuring, signifying normal fetal health.
• Six points: Suggesting potential concerns, prompting further testing or re-evaluation.
• Four points or less: It may indicate the need for immediate delivery or additional tests before deciding.

An irregular BPP doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem. Factors such as fetal sleep patterns or individual variations can affect the score. In such cases, additional tests or closer monitoring might be recommended.

Exploring Concerns: Medical Negligence and BPP

While BPPs are valuable diagnostic tools for assessing fetal health during pregnancy, errors or negligence in administering, interpreting, or acting upon the results can have serious repercussions. Instances of medical negligence with BPPs might encompass various aspects:

• Inadequate monitoring: Failure to conduct BPPs at appropriate intervals during high-risk pregnancies or when fetal distress is suspected can lead to missed opportunities for intervention.
• Misinterpretation of results: Inaccurate interpretation of BPP findings might result in either unnecessary interventions (like premature induction or cesarean delivery) or the immediate failure to act when intervention is necessary due to fetal distress.
• Delayed or lack of intervention: Healthcare providers failing to respond promptly to abnormal BPP results can lead to harm to the fetus. This delay in appropriate action can result in long-term consequences for the baby’s health.
• Inadequate communication: Effective communication between healthcare providers and expectant parents is critical. Failure to inform parents about BPP results, their implications, and the necessary course of action may be considered negligence.
• Documentation errors: Keeping accurate and complete records of BPP results, interpretations, and subsequent actions is crucial. Mistakes or omissions in documentation may impede subsequent medical care.

The consequences of medical negligence can be severe, leading to harm to both the mother and the fetus. It might include birth injuries, developmental complications, and emotional distress for the family.

To address concerns about medical negligence related to BPPs, healthcare providers must uphold the standard of care in administering these tests.

Regular and accurate assessments, prompt response to abnormal results, effective communication with expectant parents, and meticulous documentation are crucial to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby.

In cases where negligence is suspected and harm has been incurred, seeking legal advice from a medical malpractice lawyer is advisable to explore options for recourse and justice.

Legal Implications of BPP-Related Medical Malpractice

Pursuing legal action becomes essential when negligence or wrongdoing is suspected. The foundation of a successful medical malpractice case involves establishing several key elements:

• Establishing duty of care: It’s crucial to demonstrate that the healthcare provider must administer the BPP accurately and within the appropriate timeframe.
• Proving breach of duty: It is fundamental to show that the healthcare provider deviated from the expected standard of care in conducting the BPP.
• Establishing Causation: Connecting the malpractice directly to the harm suffered by either the mother or the baby is pivotal, often necessitating expert testimony to establish a clear causal relationship.
• Demonstrating damages: It is crucial to highlight how the malpractice resulted in actual harm or damages, such as injury, disability, or emotional distress to the mother or the baby.

Families impacted by negligence in BPP procedures should seek legal counsel to protect their rights and pursue justice for any harm caused due to medical malpractice.

Seek Legal Guidance from a Trusted Medical Malpractice Lawyer in Toronto

If you or a loved one has faced complications due to potential medical negligence during a Biophysical Profile, seeking legal advice is essential. At Sommers Roth & Elmaleh, our team of specialized medical malpractice lawyers in Toronto has over 40 years of trial experience, frequently succeeding in cases deemed challenging by others.

Our extensive experience and success in handling complex medical malpractice cases offer families the guidance and support to navigate complex legal pathways.

Contact our experienced medical malpractice lawyers in Toronto at 1-844-940-2386 to discuss your case and explore your legal options.